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سُورَةُ الأَحۡزَابِ · 33:1
MedinanRevelation order ٩٠Juzʾ ٢١Page ٤١٨

بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ

بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلنَّبِىُّ ٱتَّقِ ٱللَّهَ وَلَا تُطِعِ ٱلْكَٰفِرِينَ وَٱلْمُنَٰفِقِينَ ۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًۭا

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Saheeh International · EN

O Prophet, fear Allah and do not obey the disbelievers and the hypocrites. Indeed, Allah is ever Knowing and Wise.

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Introduction

This is āyah 1 of Sūrat Al-Ahzaab (The Combined Forces), the 90th sūrah in the traditional order of revelation. It was revealed in the Medinan period and sits within Juzʾ 21. Medinan verses often address community life, law, and the building of society.

This introduction is a starting point — the community and Bilal will enrich it over time.

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Revelation & occasion

Asbāb al-Nuzūl
Period
Medinan
Order revealed
90 of 114
Surah
Al-Ahzaab (33)
Occasion of revelation · Al-Wahidi

(O Prophet! Keep thy duty to Allah and obey not the disbelievers and the hypocrites�) [33:1]. This verse was revealed about Abu Sufyan, �Ikrimah ibn Abi Jahl and Abu�l-A�war al-Sulami [�Amr ibn Sufyan]. After the fighting at Uhud, they travelled to Medina and stayed as guests at �Abd Allah ibn Ubayy�s. The Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace, had allowed them to come to speak with him with his assurance of protection. They went to see the Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace, accompanied by �Abd Allah ibn Sa�d ibn Abi Sarh and Tu�mah ibn Ubayriq. They said to the Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace, who had �Umar ibn al-Khattab with him: �Reject the mention of our idols al-Lat, al-�Uzza and Manat and say that they have benefit and the power of intercession for those who worship them, and we will leave you alone with your Lord!� Their words hurt the Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace. �Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be well pleased with him, said: �Let me kill them, O Messenger of Allah!� The Prophet said: �I have given them my assurance of protection�, upon which �Umar said to them: �Leave with Allah�s curse and wrath upon you�. The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, commanded �Umar to drive them out of Medina, and then Allah, glorious and majestic is He, revealed this verse.

Commentary

Tafsir

4 works

Hafiz Ibn Kathir

بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ اتَّقِ اللَّهَ وَلَا تُطِعِ الْكَافِرِينَ وَالْمُنَافِقِينَ ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًا - وَاتَّبِعْ مَا يُوحَىٰ إِلَيْكَ مِنْ رَبِّكَ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرًا - وَتَوَكَّلْ عَلَى اللَّهِ ۚ وَكَفَىٰ بِاللَّهِ وَكِيلًا (1. O Prophet! Have Taqwa of Allah, and obey not the disbelievers and the hypocrites. Verily, Allah is Ever All-Knower, All-Wise.)(2. And follow that which is revealed to you from your Lord. Verily, Allah is Well-Acquainted with what you do.)(3. And put your trust in Allah, and sufficient is Allah as a Trustee.) The Command to defy the Disbelievers and Hypocrites by following the Revelation of Allah and putting One's Trust in Him Here Allah points out something lower by referring to something higher. When He comm…
Provenance

Chains of transmission

Oral — isnād

  1. ~610–632 CERevelation & memorisation

    Received by the Prophet ﷺ and preserved by the ḥuffāẓ (memorisers) among the Companions.

  2. 1st century AHMutawātir transmissionawaiting curation

    Carried by mass-transmission through the generations of qurrāʾ.

  3. TodayLiving chainsawaiting curation

    Continuous ijāzah chains link reciters today back to the Prophet ﷺ.

Verified isnād chains for this āyah will be added by curators.

Written — the manuscript record

  1. ~650 CEʿUthmānic codicesawaiting curation

    The standardised muṣḥaf sent to the great cities (e.g. the Topkapı and Samarqand codices).

  2. 8th–10th c.Early Ḥijāzī & Kūfic foliosawaiting curation

    Surviving leaves in Birmingham, Sanaa, Paris (BnF) and beyond.

  3. Modern printModern printawaiting curation

    The 1924 Cairo edition → today: the standard printed muṣḥaf used worldwide.

A curated chain of manuscript images for this exact āyah — roughly one per century — is coming. Help us source and verify them.

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Provenance

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