Al-Baqara 2:194 · SocialQuran

سُورَةُ البَقَرَةِ · 2:194

MedinanRevelation order ٨٧Juzʾ ٢Page ٣٠

ٱلشَّهْرُ ٱلْحَرَامُ بِٱلشَّهْرِ ٱلْحَرَامِ وَٱلْحُرُمَٰتُ قِصَاصٌۭ ۚ فَمَنِ ٱعْتَدَىٰ عَلَيْكُمْ فَٱعْتَدُوا۟ عَلَيْهِ بِمِثْلِ مَا ٱعْتَدَىٰ عَلَيْكُمْ ۚ وَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ وَٱعْلَمُوٓا۟ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ مَعَ ٱلْمُتَّقِينَ

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Saheeh International · EN

[Fighting in] the sacred month is for [aggression committed in] the sacred month, and for [all] violations is legal retribution. So whoever has assaulted you, then assault him in the same way that he has assaulted you. And fear Allah and know that Allah is with those who fear Him.

Introduction Revelation Tafsir Transmission Debate

Bio

Introduction

This is āyah 194 of Sūrat Al-Baqara (The Cow), the 87th sūrah in the traditional order of revelation. It was revealed in the Medinan period and sits within Juzʾ 2. Medinan verses often address community life, law, and the building of society.

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Bio

Revelation & occasion

Asbāb al-Nuzūl

Period: Medinan
Order revealed: 87 of 114
Surah: Al-Baqara (2)

Occasion of revelation · Al-Wahidi

(The forbidden month for the forbidden month�) [2:194]. Said Qatadah: �The Prophet of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, proceeded along with his Companions in the month of Dhu�l-Qa�dah [intending to perform the pilgrimage] when they were stopped by the idolaters at Hudaybiyyah. The following year, they entered Mecca in the month of Dhu�l-Qa�dah, performed the lesser pilgrimage (�umrah) and remained there for three nights. The idolaters were proud that they turned them back on the day of Hudaybiyyah, and so Allah avenged them. He revealed (The forbidden month for the forbidden month�)�.

Commentary

Tafsir

4 works

Hafiz Ibn Kathir

The sacred month is for the sacred month, and for the prohibited things, there is the Law of equality (Qisas). Then whoever transgresses against you, you transgress likewise against him. And fear Allah, and know that Allah is with Al-Muttaqin (194) Fighting during the Sacred Months is prohibited, except in Self-Defense Ibn 'Abbas, Ad-Dahhak, As-Suddi, Qatadah, Miqsam, Ar-Rabi' bin Anas and 'Ata said, "Allah's Messenger ﷺ went for 'Umrah on the sixth year of Hijrah. Then, the idolators prevented him from entering the Sacred House (the Ka'bah in Makkah) along with the Muslims who came with him. This incident occurred during the sacred month of Dhul-Qa'dah. The idolators agreed to allow them to enter the House the next year. Hence, the Prophet ﷺ entered the House the following year, along with the Muslims who accompanied him, and Allah permitted him to avenge the idolators' treatment of h…

Provenance

Chains of transmission

Oral — isnād

~610–632 CERevelation & memorisation
Received by the Prophet ﷺ and preserved by the ḥuffāẓ (memorisers) among the Companions.
1st century AHMutawātir transmissionawaiting curation
Carried by mass-transmission through the generations of qurrāʾ.
TodayLiving chainsawaiting curation
Continuous ijāzah chains link reciters today back to the Prophet ﷺ.

Verified isnād chains for this āyah will be added by curators.

Written — the manuscript record

~650 CEʿUthmānic codicesawaiting curation
The standardised muṣḥaf sent to the great cities (e.g. the Topkapı and Samarqand codices).
8th–10th c.Early Ḥijāzī & Kūfic foliosawaiting curation
Surviving leaves in Birmingham, Sanaa, Paris (BnF) and beyond.
Modern printModern printawaiting curation
The 1924 Cairo edition → today: the standard printed muṣḥaf used worldwide.

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Provenance

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